Opportunity Information: Apply for PAR 21 248
The Pediatric Immune System Ontogeny and Development (INTEND) funding opportunity (PAR-21-248) is a National Institutes of Health (NIH) discretionary grant program using the R01 research project grant mechanism, and it explicitly does not allow clinical trials. Its central aim is to support research that maps and compares how the immune system develops across multiple pediatric stages, specifically requiring correlations between two or more age groups such as neonates, infants, children, and adolescents. The intent is to build a clearer, evidence-based picture of immune ontogeny from birth through the transition into adolescence and ultimately toward adult-like immune function, with particular attention to sensitive windows around pregnancy and the post-natal period when immune trajectories can be shaped in lasting ways.
A key scientific emphasis of the announcement is understanding what drives differences in immune development over time and between groups. The FOA encourages studies that examine how infectious diseases influence immune maturation, how the microbiome contributes to shaping immune responses during early life, and how environmental factors affect immune development patterns. In practice, this points toward research that can connect developmental immunology with real-world exposures and contexts, such as maternal health and immune status during pregnancy, early-life microbial colonization, pathogen encounters, nutrition, and other environmental or social determinants that may influence immune programming. By focusing on correlations across age ranges rather than isolated snapshots, the opportunity is geared toward identifying developmental trajectories, inflection points, and mechanisms that explain why immune responses differ between neonates, infants, older children, and adolescents.
Administratively, the program is classified under the Health, Income Security and Social Services activity category and is associated with CFDA number 93.865. The original closing date listed for the opportunity is May 7, 2024, and the opportunity record was created on July 9, 2021. Award ceiling and expected number of awards are not specified in the provided source information, which typically means applicants should consult NIH budget guidance for R01 applications and any FOA-specific limits or expectations stated in the full announcement.
Eligibility is broad and spans many types of organizations that can carry out biomedical research. Eligible applicants include state, county, and city or township governments; special district governments; independent school districts; public and state-controlled institutions of higher education; private institutions of higher education; federally recognized Native American tribal governments; tribal organizations that are not federally recognized; public housing authorities and Indian housing authorities; nonprofits with or without 501(c)(3) status (other than institutions of higher education); for-profit organizations other than small businesses; small businesses; and other eligible entities. The FOA also calls out additional eligible applicant categories such as Alaska Native and Native Hawaiian Serving Institutions; Asian American, Native American, and Pacific Islander Serving Institutions (AANAPISIs); Hispanic-serving Institutions; Historically Black Colleges and Universities (HBCUs); Tribally Controlled Colleges and Universities (TCCUs); eligible federal agencies; faith-based or community-based organizations; regional organizations; U.S. territories or possessions; and non-domestic (non-U.S.) entities, meaning foreign organizations can apply when appropriate under NIH policies.
Overall, INTEND is designed to fund mechanistic and developmental research that connects pediatric immune system maturation with biologically and clinically relevant influences like infection history, microbial ecology, and environmental exposures, while anchoring the work in comparisons across multiple pediatric age groups and highlighting the pregnancy and early post-natal periods as especially important stages for shaping immune development.Apply for PAR 21 248
- The National Institutes of Health in the health, income security and social services sector is offering a public funding opportunity titled "Pediatric Immune System Ontogeny and Development (INTEND) (R01 Clinical Trial Not Allowed)" and is now available to receive applicants.
- Interested and eligible applicants and submit their applications by referencing the CFDA number(s): 93.865.
- This funding opportunity was created on 2021-07-09.
- Applicants must submit their applications by 2024-05-07. (Agency may still review applications by suitable applicants for the remaining/unused allocated funding in 2026.)
- Eligible applicants include: State governments, County governments, City or township governments, Special district governments, Independent school districts, Public and State controlled institutions of higher education, Native American tribal governments (Federally recognized), Public housing authorities/Indian housing authorities, Native American tribal organizations (other than Federally recognized tribal governments), Nonprofits having a 501 (c) (3) status with the IRS, other than institutions of higher education, Nonprofits that do not have a 501 (c) (3) status with the IRS, other than institutions of higher education, Private institutions of higher education, For-profit organizations other than small businesses, Small businesses, Others.
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FAQs: Pediatric Immune System Ontogeny and Development (INTEND) (PAR-21-248)
What is the INTEND funding opportunity (PAR-21-248)?
INTEND (Pediatric Immune System Ontogeny and Development) is a National Institutes of Health (NIH) discretionary grant funding opportunity that supports research on how the immune system develops across pediatric life stages.
What grant mechanism does INTEND use?
This opportunity uses the NIH R01 Research Project Grant mechanism.
Are clinical trials allowed under this FOA?
No. The announcement explicitly does not allow clinical trials.
What is the central scientific aim of INTEND?
The central aim is to support research that maps and compares immune system development across multiple pediatric stages and builds an evidence-based understanding of immune ontogeny from birth through the transition into adolescence and toward adult-like immune function.
Which pediatric age groups are specifically mentioned as relevant for comparisons?
The opportunity specifically mentions neonates, infants, children, and adolescents.
Does the FOA require studies to include more than one age group?
Yes. It specifically requires correlations between two or more pediatric age groups (for example, comparing neonates and infants, or children and adolescents), rather than focusing on a single age group in isolation.
Why does the FOA emphasize correlations across age ranges instead of single time-point snapshots?
By correlating findings across age ranges, the opportunity is geared toward identifying developmental trajectories, key inflection points, and mechanisms that help explain why immune responses differ across pediatric stages.
What developmental windows does INTEND highlight as especially important?
The FOA highlights sensitive windows around pregnancy and the post-natal period as especially important times when immune trajectories can be shaped in lasting ways.
What kinds of scientific questions does INTEND encourage researchers to address?
A major emphasis is understanding what drives differences in immune development over time and between groups, including mechanistic and developmental explanations for changing immune function from early life through adolescence.
How does the FOA frame the role of infectious diseases in immune development?
The FOA encourages studies examining how infectious diseases influence immune maturation over the course of pediatric development.
Does INTEND support research on the microbiome and immune maturation?
Yes. The FOA encourages studies that examine how the microbiome contributes to shaping immune responses during early life.
Are environmental influences within scope for INTEND?
Yes. The FOA encourages studies on how environmental factors affect immune development patterns, including real-world exposures and contexts that may influence immune programming.
What examples of real-world exposures or contexts are named in the description?
The description points to areas such as maternal health and immune status during pregnancy, early-life microbial colonization, pathogen encounters, nutrition, and other environmental or social determinants that may influence immune programming.
What is the activity category associated with this opportunity?
The program is classified under the Health, Income Security and Social Services activity category.
What CFDA number is associated with INTEND?
The opportunity is associated with CFDA number 93.865.
What is the closing date for this opportunity?
The original closing date listed is May 7, 2024.
When was the opportunity record created?
The opportunity record was created on July 9, 2021.
Is there an award ceiling listed in the provided information?
No. An award ceiling is not specified in the provided source information.
Is the expected number of awards provided?
No. The expected number of awards is not specified in the provided source information.
What should applicants do if funding limits or award expectations are not specified here?
Because the award ceiling and expected number of awards are not listed in the provided information, applicants are typically expected to consult NIH budget guidance for R01 applications and any limits or expectations stated in the full funding announcement.
What types of government organizations are eligible to apply?
Eligible government applicants include state governments; county governments; city or township governments; special district governments; and eligible federal agencies.
Are public schools or school districts eligible applicants?
Yes. Independent school districts are included as eligible applicants.
Which higher education institutions are eligible?
Eligible applicants include public and state-controlled institutions of higher education as well as private institutions of higher education.
Are nonprofit organizations eligible?
Yes. Nonprofits with or without 501(c)(3) status (other than institutions of higher education) are eligible.
Are for-profit organizations eligible?
Yes. For-profit organizations other than small businesses are eligible, and small businesses are also eligible.
Are tribal governments and tribal organizations eligible?
Yes. Federally recognized Native American tribal governments are eligible, and tribal organizations that are not federally recognized are also listed as eligible.
Are housing authorities eligible applicants?
Yes. Public housing authorities and Indian housing authorities are included as eligible applicants.
Are community-based or faith-based organizations eligible?
Yes. The FOA calls out faith-based or community-based organizations as eligible applicant categories.
Are U.S. territories or possessions eligible to apply?
Yes. U.S. territories or possessions are listed among eligible applicant categories.
Are foreign (non-U.S.) organizations allowed to apply?
Yes. The FOA indicates that non-domestic (non-U.S.) entities are eligible, meaning foreign organizations can apply when appropriate under NIH policies.
Does the FOA highlight specific institution types such as Minority Serving Institutions?
Yes. It specifically calls out categories including Alaska Native and Native Hawaiian Serving Institutions; Asian American, Native American, and Pacific Islander Serving Institutions (AANAPISIs); Hispanic-serving Institutions; Historically Black Colleges and Universities (HBCUs); and Tribally Controlled Colleges and Universities (TCCUs).
In general terms, what kind of research is INTEND designed to fund?
INTEND is designed to fund mechanistic and developmental research that connects pediatric immune system maturation with biologically and clinically relevant influences such as infection history, microbial ecology, and environmental exposures, while anchoring the work in comparisons across multiple pediatric age groups.
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